Name: 
 

Test Your Knowledge: PET Cardiology



Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 

Which of the following is not a advantage of 99mTc agents?
a.
lower radiation burden to patient
b.
Stress injection at remote site
c.
high energy and hence better image quality
d.
lower liver/bowel activity
 

 2. 

In certain conditions, the administration activity for 99mTc-labeled tracers needed is higher. Which of the following need a higher activity?
i   A multiple-head camera system
ii  Shorter imaging time
iii Gated imaging
iv High body weight
a.
i, ii, iii
d.
ii, iii, iv
b.
i, ii, iv
e.
i, iii, iv
c.
all of the above
 

 3. 

201TI have a gamma photon of ______.
a.
123
c.
140
b.
167
d.
135
 

 4. 

Which of the following organs have the highest absorbed dose per unit for 99mTc-sestamibi?
i   Gall-bladder
ii  Colon
iii Kidney
iv Ovaries
a.
ii, iv
c.
i, iv
b.
ii, iii
d.
i, iii
 

 5. 

Which of the following is the side effect from adenosine?
i   Flushing
ii  Dizziness
iii Chest pain
iv Nausea
a.
i, iii, iv
d.
i, ii, iv
b.
ii, iii, iv
e.
all of the above
c.
i, ii, iii
 

 6. 

Which of the following is the advantages of CT scan over external rotating source in the transmission scan?
i   The transmission scan of CT is significantly slower.
ii  CT contains much lower statistical noise.
iii CT provides anatomic information that complements the functional data provided by PET.
iv The transmission scan can be acquired after injection without bias from the injected tracer.
a.
ii, iii, iv
d.
i, iii, iv
b.
i, ii, iv
e.
i. ii, iii
c.
all of the above
 

 7. 

Which of the following is being used in a transmission imaging using an external radiation source?
i   Americium-241
ii  Barium-133
iii Cobalt-57
iv Technetium-99m
a.
i, iii, iv
d.
i, ii, iii
b.
all of the above
e.
ii, iii, iv
c.
i, ii, iv
 

Matching
 
 
a.
Akinetic
d.
Dipyridamole
b.
Dobutamine
e.
Peripheral hypoperfusion
c.
99mTc-sestamibi
f.
Automatic image registration
 

 8. 

The principles of ______ is to find the spatial transformation between both images providing the highest value for the similarity measure, and it is commonly achieved through the maximization of the similarity measure using an optimization algorithm.
 

 9. 

______ region is defined by the absence of wall thickening and motion.
 

 10. 

______ is a cationic complex which diffuses passively through the capillary and cell membrane, resulting in lower immediate extraction.
 

 11. 

Whenever ______ happen, the patient should be stopped from the exercise.
 

 12. 

______ is an indirect coronary arteriolar dilator that increases the tissue levels of adenosine by preventing the intracellular reuptake and deamination of adenosine.
 

 13. 

is a secondary pharmacological stressor that is used in patients who cannot undergo exercise stress and have contraindications to vasodilator stressors.
 

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 14. 

In the scanning process, PET cover  a fraction of the respiratory cycle, whereas CT shows an image averaged over the whole respiratory cycle.
 

 15. 

Decreased regional FDG uptake relative to myocardial perfusion indicates viability, whereas increased regional of FDG uptake in proportion to perfusion indicates irreversibly damaged myocardium
 

 16. 

For 99mTc-labeled tracers, most of the countries recommended 250-350MBq for the first injection and five times more for second study.
 

 17. 

Suboptimal quality of study happen where the study is suboptimal because of either an insufficient heart rate response during cardiac stress or technical problems during data acquisition.
 

 18. 

FBP methods are preferable than iterative methods because they offer more accurate modeling of physical processes and reduce noise.
 

 19. 

For the review of tomograms, all three image planes should be inspected: short
axis, horizontal long axis and vertical long axis.
 

 20. 

201TI have a relatively long physical half-life and thus causing a high radiation burden for the patient.
 

 21. 

FBP filtering is fast, computationally non intensive but cannot incorporate attenuation and scatter correction in the reconstruction.
 

 22. 

The radioactive isotope injected for the study of  myocardial perfusion imaging produces more radiation than x-ray procedures such as a CT scan or a kidney study.
 

 23. 

For perfusion imaging with SPECT, thallium-201 (201Tl) and two technetium-99m (99mTc) labeled radiopharmaceuticals (sestamibi and tetrofosmin) are available commercially.
 

 24. 

Increased FDG blood pool activity may be caused by inadequate patient preparation such as high plasma free fatty acids, low plasma insulin, and insulin resistance, diabetes or too early image acquisition.
 

 25. 

Since the introduction of combined PET/CT scanners, CT has replaced external rotating sources (e.g., 68Ge or 137Cs) for the measurement of the transmission scan used to account for photon attenuation within the body.
 

 26. 

The emission-transmission had larger effects in the anterior and anterolateral segments, producing a significant reduction in measured uptake in these areas.
 

 27. 

Dynamic exercise is the technique of choice in the assessment of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease provided that the patient is able to exercise to an acceptable work load.
 

 28. 

Close contact with infants should be restricted during this period, in particular when 99mTc-labeled tracers are used.
 

 29. 

Wall thickening is assessed according to the relative increase in myocardial counts between diastole and systole.
 

 30. 

Imaging should began begin 15 min after injection to allow for hepatobiliary clearance.
 

 31. 

360 degree acquisitions generally give higher contrast resolution but more geometric distortions than the 3180 degree orbit.
 



 
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